Study Of The Lingula In Dry Human Mandibles And Its Clinical Significance

Introduction: On medial aspect of ramus of mandible, there is small tongue like bony projection located near themargin of mandibular foramina called lingula. It lies close proximity to mandibular foramina, which transmitsthe inferior alveolar nerve and the corresponding artery to the mandibular canal. Bony derivatives of fisrtbrachial arch( Meckel’s cartilage) are the spine of sphenoid, maleus, incus and the part of the mandible bearingthe lingula.Materials and Methods: Present study has been carried out on Ninety (180 sides) dry human mandibles of northgujarat population in the anatomy department of various medical college of north gujarat. Height and distanceof lingula from various bony landmark of mandible were noted by measuring the following distances usingvernier calipers. The mean and standard deviation (S.D) of each measurement was calculated using Microsoftexcel.Result: We noted four different types of shape - triangular, truncated, nodular and assimilated. Truncatedlingula(42.22%) was most prevalent than Nodular(21.67%), Assimilated(20.56%), Triangular(15.55%) shapes.Average height (Mean + SD) of the lingula was 7.75 + 1.81 mm on both sides. Average distance of lingular tip toanterior and posterior border of ramus of mandible were 16.62 + 3.31 mm and 15.94 + 1.63 mm. Average distanceof lingula from mandibular notch and base of mandible were 16.05 + 2.85 mm and 34.16 + 2.96 mm.Conclution: Present study’s findings may be helpful for dental surgeons to locate the lingula and importantstructures nearby while doing surgical procedures to avoid its damage.

Clinical relevance of morphological variations in origin and insertion of lumbricals of hand in South Gujarat population.

Background & objectives: Lumbrical muscles, though small in size, have a significantly greater role to play in the intricate movements of the fingers.The great functional significance and morphological variations of lumbrical muscles as described in the literature, prompted us to undertake a detailed study of these muscles to know more about it and its significant value in the design of surgical procedures. Methods: We dissected lumbricals of hands of 40 human adult cadavers which were available from the Department of Anatomy. In the present study, variation in origin (include architecture), insertion (include split insertions, misplaced insertions or absence of muscles), the lengths of muscle belly and tendon of all lumbricals were studied and noted. Results: We found variations were more common on the right side. The second lumbrical was bipennate in 12.5% cases. The third lumbrical showed split insertion in 15% cases. The fourth lumbrical showed misplaced insertion in 10% cases. The proximal attachment of lumbricals can extend into the carpal tunnel (specially first and second) in 15% cases. Conclusion: The study provides valuable information to surgeons thus avoiding complications from local anesthetic, surgical and other invasive procedures.

Clinical relevance of variations in the origin of inferior phrenic arteries.

Introduction: The inferior phrenic arteries are major source of collateral arterial supply to hepatocellular carcinoma second only to the hepatic artery. The right inferior phrenic artery is one of the chief postoperative bleeding sources in liver transplant recipients. The aim of the present study was to identify the variations in origin of inferior phrenic arteries. Methods: We dissected inferior phrenic arteries in 100 human adult cadavers (75 males and 25 females) for the origin of both inferior phrenic arteries. Results: We found variant origin of left inferior phrenic artery in 22 male cadavers and in 7 female cadavers. The variant origin of right inferior phrenic artery was found in 27 male cadavers and in 8 female cadavers. Conclusion: The higher incidences of variant origin of inferior phrenic arteries have major clinical implications in the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.